*Loan,banking and credit>>>homeowner insurance

Does homeowner's insurance usually cover 100% of your home value during a natural disaster?

Only if you are fully covered for the replacement cost of the home. A common error that may people make is to insure their home only for what they paid for it. I paid $117k for my place but building a similar home in the area would cost $225k today so that's how much coverage I have to carry to be fully covered.

On top of that, if you are covered for less than 80% of the replacement cost, ANY payment on any claim will be adjusted downward to reflect the proportional amount of the coverage. For example, if you're covered only for 75% of the replacement cost and have a roof damage claim, reimbursement will be limited to 75% of the repair cost.

Of course, in all claims the deductible will be subtracted from any and all claims.

"Usually" is the key word. Not normally. The majority of people are under-insured. One needs to review their policy yearly and make sure it keeps up with inflation.
No one here knows this answer; check your policy.
I would check the policy to see what the coverages are/or contact your insurance agent and he/she will know what exactly is covered and how much.
Not to be flip, but like grandpa said..."read everything you sign." You need to carefully read and understand your policy statement. Do NOT call your agent, ask them a question, get a generic answer, then think you are OK.
Just look at the lawsuits related to insurance claims in LA, MS, California, etc. A lot of folks thought they were covered.
Flooding is not covered, neither is sewer back up and lots of other items.
no
Depends on your policy. Some have full replacement value. Some just pay you whatever the amount of the policy is. Some require you re-build in the same spot. Call your agent.